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When does seasonality typically occur in finance?

Monthly

Quarterly

Yearly

Seasonality in finance refers to the tendency for certain asset prices or market behaviors to exhibit predictable patterns at specific times of the year. This phenomenon is strongly influenced by factors like economic cycles, consumer behavior, and corporate earnings cycles.

Yearly seasonality is significant in many industries, particularly with agricultural commodities influenced by weather patterns, as well as retail sales which often peak during specific holiday seasons. For example, the stock market may see increased activity in the fourth quarter due to holiday shopping and consumer spending, as well as the "January effect" where stocks often rally at the beginning of the year.

In contrast, while monthly, quarterly, and daily timeframes can also exhibit patterns, they do not generally capture the broader, more pronounced trends associated with annual cyclical behaviors influenced by events such as fiscal year-end impacts on stock valuations, tax implications, and seasonal business cycles. Thus, the concept of yearly seasonality stands out as the most encompassing and relevant timeframe concerning predictable patterns in financial markets.

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